Religion and Spirituality in Prevention and Promotion in Mental Health

The role that religion and spirituality (R/S) can play in promotion and prevention of mental health is not strictly defined, and the influence of culture is most probably decisive. As a tentative principle, aspects of R/S can be conceived of as epidemiological factors, sometimes showing associations with better mental health, or with worse mental health (which is clear for at least one aspect: religious struggle). Three main targets of prevention are suggested; (1) To consider and educate how R/S may contribute to mental hygiene; (2) to address both religious struggle and positive elements of R/S in those who suffer from mental problems, to foster the therapeutic alliance and compliance; and (3) in order to prevent associated disability for those with mental disorders, to consider R/S as a domain in life that is in need of care, with special attention to how R/S relates to existential concerns and the recovery process.